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Cathay (poetry collection)
''Cathay'' (1915) is a collection of classical Chinese poetry translated into English by modernist poet Ezra Pound based on Ernest Fenollosa's notes that came into Pound's possession in 1913. At first Pound used the notes to translate Noh plays and then to translate Chinese poetry to English, despite a complete lack of knowledge of the Chinese language. The volume's 15 poems are seen less as strict translations and more as new pieces in their own right; and, in his bold translations of works from a language he was unfamiliar with, Pound set the stage for a modernist translations.
==Background==
In 1909 Pound was living in London working as secretary to W. B. Yeats. Interested in Asian art and literature, the two poets often visited the Asian exhibits at the British Museum. Pound had previously become acquainted with Laurence Binyon, a curator of Asian art at the museum and author of ''Flight of the Dragons: An Essay on the Theory and Practice of Art in China and Japan''. Binyon and Pound shared a view of Asian art, seeing in it a respect for tradition coupled with innovative ideas, which appealed to Pound's sense of modernity and his motto about art, to "make it new".〔Tryphonopoulos (2005), 154〕 Soon after Pound read Herbert Giles's ''A History of Modern Literature'' (1901) from which he took inspiration to try his hand at translating Chinese poetry.〔Qian (2010), 337〕
Late in 1913, Pound met the recently widowed wife of Ernest Fenollosa, Mary McNeil Fenollosa, at a literary salon in London. She had read his poems, had a favorable opinion of him, and invited the young poet to organize and edit her husband's notes.〔 Fenollosa had died two years earlier, leaving behind a large collection of disorganized notes and unpublished manuscripts based on two decades spent living, teaching, and studying in Asia.〔Tryphonopoulos (2005), 118〕
The papers were sent to Pound in London and upon examining them his first task was to rewrite Fenollosa's basic translations of Noh plays, often in the form of poetry.〔Qian (2010), 336〕 These were to become the basis for Pound's translations of Noh plays and Asian poetry.〔Tryphonopoulos, 254〕 The notes included translations of Chinese Taoist poetry; Pound quickly saw that the poetry was "terse, polished () emotionally suggestive".〔Tryphonopoulos, 255〕 The translations Pound made of the 15 poems collected in ''Cathay'' were directly derived from Fenollosa's notes.〔Tryphonopoulos (2005), 60, 155〕 The volume was published by Elkin Mathews in London, with a print-run of 1,000, on April 6, 1915.〔Moody (2007), 266〕
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